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91 substances

Opioids

Heroin, fentanyl, painkillers and the nitazenes — the deadliest category in the drug supply. Opioids suppress breathing. Most overdose deaths in the US, Canada and Europe now involve fentanyl or its analogues — often mixed into drugs the buyer never asked for.

~80%of US overdose deaths involve an opioid (CDC)
91profiles in this category
Schedule I

Heroin

White/off-white powder (US) or brown base powder ('sugar brown'); black tar (Mexico)

Effects & risks →
Schedule II

Fentanyl

White powder, pressed pills, counterfeit oxycodone — often invisible when mixed into other drugs

Effects & risks →
Schedule II / analogue prosecutions

Fentanyl HCl (powder)

Fine white crystalline powder, indistinguishable from other white powders

Effects & risks →
Schedule I

Acetylfentanyl

White/tan powder, sometimes sold as 'synthetic heroin' or pressed into pills

Effects & risks →
Schedule I

Furanylfentanyl (Fu-F)

White/yellowish powder or pressed tablets

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Schedule I

Methoxyacetylfentanyl

White/off-white powder

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Schedule I

Etonitazene

White/yellow/off-white powder, pills, or e-liquid for vaping

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Emerging — prosecuted as analogue

Isotodesnitazene

White/yellow powder, often mixed into heroin or counterfeit pills

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Schedule II

Oxymorphone (Opana 40 mg)

Pink/octagonal ER tablets (Opana 40 mg); white IR tablets

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Schedule II

Morphine 60 mg

Round ER tablets imprinted 60 (purple/orange by brand); oral solution; injectable ampoules

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Schedule II

Hydromorphone (Dilaudid 8 mg)

Small triangular white tablets ('8mg triangles'); clear injectable liquid

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Schedule II

Oxycodone (Roxicodone 30 mg)

Blue 30 mg IR tablets; also white pills with various imprints

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Schedule II

OxyContin

Round ER tablets (OC imprint); reformulated 2010 to deter crushing

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Schedule V / Rx

Codeine 30/500 mg (co-codamol)

White tablets (30 mg codeine / 500 mg paracetamol); purple/clear syrup

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Schedule II

Hydrocodone 10/500 mg

White/oblong tablets imprinted Watson 540-style; capsules historically

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Schedule II

Hydrocodone–Ibuprofen (Vicoprofen)

White oblong tablets (7.5 mg hydro / 200 mg ibuprofen)

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Schedule II

Meperidine (Demerol)

White capsules (50/100 mg); clear injectable solution

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Schedule II

Methadone

Orange/red diskettes (40 mg), liquid (cherry), tablets, injectable ampoules

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Schedule III

Suboxone (buprenorphine/naloxone)

Orange sublingual films (2/0.5 mg, 8/2 mg) or hexagonal tablets

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Schedule III

Subutex (buprenorphine)

White sublingual tablets (2 mg, 8 mg), hexagonal imprint

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Schedule II

Fentanyl patches (Duragesic 12.5 mcg/hr)

Tan rectangular transdermal patches (12.5–100 mcg/hr), gel or matrix type

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Not a controlled drug — veterinary anesthetic, adulterant

Xylazine (Tranq)

No street form of its own — found mixed into fentanyl/heroin (white/beige powder) or pills

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Schedule IV

Butorphanol (Stadol)

Clear nasal spray bottle or injectable vials (1–2 mg/mL); vet brands (Butomidor) common

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Schedule II/III equivalent

Dihydrocodeine (DHC)

White tablets (30 mg) or liquid; OTC-low-dose in some EU countries

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Schedule II

Opium

Dark brown/black sticky latex balls or bricks; tincture (laudanum) amber bottles

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Schedule II

Sufentanil

Clear ampoules (5–50 mcg/mL), hospital-only packaging

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Schedule II

Oxycodone–APAP (Percocet generic)

White/yellow tablets (5/325, 10/325 mg) with various imprints; 'PERCOCET' brand bottle

Effects & risks →
Not federally scheduled

Tianeptine (Gas Station Heroin)

Capsules, tablets, or liquid shots sold at gas stations, vape shops, online as 'dietary supplement'

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Not federally scheduled

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa)

Green powder, capsules, extracts, liquid shots sold at smoke shops/gas stations

Effects & risks →
Schedule II

Carfentanil

White powder — 100× fentanyl, dosed in MICROGRAMS; occasionally found in heroin/fentanyl supplies

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Schedule I

U-47700 (Pink / U4)

White or pink powder, pills; sold online as 'research chemical'

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Mixture — components Schedule I/II

'Gray Death' (Mixed Opioid Combo)

Chunky gray/gray-brown powder resembling concrete mix

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Schedule I

Krokodil (Desomorphine)

Homemade injectable from codeine pills + gasoline + iodine + red phosphorus — dirty amber liquid

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Schedule V

Purple Drank (Lean / Codeine Syrup)

Purple/pink cough syrup (codeine + promethazine) mixed with soda and candy; double-stacked cups

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Schedule IV

Tramadol (Ultram)

50–100 mg tablets/capsules; 50 mg/ml drops; IV ampoules

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Schedule II

Tapentadol (Nucynta)

50–250 mg tablets; ER versions

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OTC — unrestricted; bulk purchases monitored in some US states

Loperamide (Imodium) Abuse

2 mg anti-diarrhea tablets, blister packs; users take 50–300+ tablets

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Schedule I

Brorphine

White/off-white powder, often purple-tinted when mixed ('purple heroin')

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Schedule I

Metonitazene

Yellow/tan/off-white powder, pressed pills

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Schedule I

Protonitazene

White/yellow powder or counterfeit pills

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Schedule I

AH-7921

White/off-white powder or tablets; sold online as 'research chemical' around 2013–2015

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Schedule I

MT-45 (IC-6)

White powder — 1970s compound revived as 'legal opioid'

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Analogue prosecutions

W-18

White powder — 1980s compound sold as 'research chemical' mid-2010s

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Not controlled — OTC

Naloxone (Narcan)

4 mg nasal sprays (Narcan), 8 mg (Kloxxado), 0.4–2 mg injectable ampoules, auto-injectors

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Not controlled — Rx-only

Naltrexone (Vivitrol / Revia)

50 mg tablets; 380 mg monthly injection (Vivitrol)

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Seeds legal

Poppy Seeds & Poppy Seed Tea

Blue-black food-grade poppy seeds; tea brewed from unwashed seeds or dried pods (opium poppy, Papaver somniferum)

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Unregulated herb

Akuamma (Picralima nitida Seeds)

Dried seeds ground to bitter powder; capsules or raw seed chewed

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Schedule I

Isotonitazene ('Iso')

Yellow/off-white powder; pressed into counterfeit pills

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Analogue prosecutions

2-Methyl-AP-237

White/off-white powder; China-export RC opioid

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Schedule V

Diphenoxylate (Lomotil)

2.5 mg tablets combined with atropine (0.025 mg) — the atropine is the abuse-deterrent

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Not federally scheduled

Medetomidine

No street form of its own — detected as a whitish powder mixed into fentanyl/heroin, often alongside xylazine and BTMPS

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FDA recommended Schedule I

7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH)

Tablets, pellets, gummies and concentrated 'shots' sold at gas stations, vape shops and online — far stronger than kratom leaf per dose

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Schedule I treatment via analogue enforcement

Etonitazepyne (NPE)

Off-white to yellowish powder, active in the microgram range; pressed into fake oxycodone/hydrocodone pills and mixed into heroin/fentanyl supplies

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Schedule I

Para-fluorofentanyl (4-FBF)

White to off-white powder; found loose, in fake oxycodone pills, and mixed into heroin and cocaine supplies

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Not federally scheduled

O-Desmethyltramadol (O-DSMT)

White crystalline powder, sold online as a 'research chemical'; pressed into pills or dissolved for liquid dosing

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Rx-only — not a controlled drug; not abusable

Nalmefene (Opvee)

5 mg/0.5 mL single-dose nasal spray (bright blue device); hospital injection

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New psychoactive substance — detected by EUDA; scheduling actions underway

Dipyanone

White-to-off-white powder and pressed tablets sold online as a 'research chemical'

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Not federally scheduled

Mitragynine (Kratom's Main Alkaloid)

Pure compound: white powder (research chemical). In practice it arrives inside leaf powder, capsules, shots and extracts

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Follows kratom law — concentrated products are the focus of new state bans and FDA seizure actions

Kratom Shots & Extracts (OPMS-style)

Small 'energy-shot' bottles, gummies, concentrated resins and capsules — sold at gas stations, smoke shops and kava bars

Effects & risks →
Schedule I

Butyrylfentanyl

White/off-white powder; also pressed into counterfeit oxycodone pills

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Schedule I

Cyclopropylfentanyl

White powder, indistinguishable from heroin or fentanyl

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Schedule I

Valerylfentanyl

White/off-white powder

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Schedule I

Acrylfentanyl

White powder; pressed pills

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Schedule I

Ocfentanil

White powder; counterfeit pills

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Schedule I

Etonitazepipne (N-Pyrrolidino Etonitazene)

White/yellow powder; increasingly found in fake oxycodone and heroin

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Schedule I

Butonitazene

White/yellowish powder

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Schedule I

Etodesnitazene (Etazene)

White/tan powder

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Schedule I

Metodesnitazene

White/off-white powder

Effects & risks →
Unscheduled analog

Cychlorphine

White crystalline powder sold by online opioid vendors

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Unscheduled analog

U-48800

White powder sold as 'research chemical' opioid

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Unscheduled analog; banned in several EU states

AP-238

White powder, sometimes in solution

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Schedule IV

Pentazocine (Talwin)

Tablets; historically injected after crushing ('T's and blues' with tripelennamine)

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Unscheduled federally

Nalbuphine (Nubain)

Injectable solution; diverted ampoules

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Schedule II

Levorphanol (Levo-Dromoran)

Tablets (2 mg); injectable

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Withdrawn in US/EU

Dextropropoxyphene (Darvon / Darvocet)

Pink capsules/tablets; combination pills with paracetamol

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Prescription-only

Tilidine (Valoron)

Drops, capsules and extended-release tablets (often combined with naloxone)

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Prescription-only

Ketobemidone (Ketogan)

Tablets and injection; diverted in Scandinavia

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Schedule III

Sublocade (Buprenorphine Depot Injection)

Monthly subcutaneous depot injection given in clinics

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Unscheduled; appears in concentrated kratom products

Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl

Semi-synthetic kratom alkaloid in high-potency extracts, shots and gummies

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Withdrawn in most countries; Schedule I

Dextromoramide (Palfium)

Tablets (historically 5–10 mg); illicit stock circulates in parts of Europe and Asia

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Withdrawn in the UK; Schedule I

Dipipanone (Diconal)

Tablets combined with cyclizine (Diconal); illicit leftovers and lookalikes

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OTC

Codeine–Ibuprofen (Nurofen Plus) Abuse

Over-the-counter combination tablets (codeine 12.8 mg + ibuprofen 200 mg)

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Not scheduled federally

N-Pyrrolidino Isotonitazene (NPI)

Off-white to beige powder; pressed into counterfeit oxycodone and 'M30' pills

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Not scheduled

N-Propionitrile Chlorphine

White/off-white powder; identified in powders and pressed tablets

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Not scheduled

Spirochlorphine (R-6890)

White crystalline powder; found in 'heroin' samples and counterfeit pills

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Not scheduled

Protodesnitazene

Off-white powder; identified as both a precursor and a street opioid

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Not scheduled

Desnitroclonitazene

White to off-white powder; seen in powders and tablets in Belgium/EU

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Not scheduled federally

Fluetonitazene

Off-white powder; detected in counterfeit pill and powder samples

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Not scheduled

Isobutonitazene

White crystalline powder; found in 'oxycodone' counterfeit pills

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Not scheduled

N-Desethyl Protonitazene

Off-white powder; identified in post-mortem and seizure samples

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Schedule I

o-Methylfentanyl (ortho-Methylfentanyl)

White powder; pressed into counterfeit pills; sold as 'heroin' or 'fentanyl'

Effects & risks →